WDM-RoF Architecture for Low-Cost and Large-Coverage 5G Applications
Received: 16 January 2025 | Revised: 3 February 2025 | Accepted: 9 February 2025 | Online: 1 March 2025
Corresponding author: Safa Mohammed
Abstract
This paper presents an enhanced Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) method based on the Radio over Fiber (RoF) architecture to achieve cost-effective, long-distance, and high-coverage communication for 5G systems. The proposed model addresses the critical challenges of increasing the number of channels and transmitting the Radio Frequency (RF) signal along 72 km distance while ensuring enhanced data rates and reduced latency across extensive coverage areas. Performance evaluations demonstrate that the 8-channel model (80 Gbps) has quality factors of 6.8, 7.5, 7.8, and 7.7, and the minimal Bit Error Rate (BER) is 2.9E-10, 2.2E-11, 2.2E-12, and 4.2E-12. The 16-channel model (160 Gbps) has quality factors of 5.6, 6.5, 6.8, and 6.9 with minimal BERs of 2.9E-8, 2.2E-10, 2.2E-10, and 4.2E-11, respectively. The 32-channel model (320 Gbps) has quality factors of 5.4, 6.1, 6.3, and 6.2 with minimal BERs of 2.9E-8, 2.2E-11, 2.2E-10, and 4.2E-10. The results highlight the potential of the proposed Wavelength Division Multiplexing Radio over Fiber (WDM-RoF) model to serve as a robust backbone for next-generation mobile networks, meeting the demands of 5G communication.
Keywords:
mobile communication, radio over fiber, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), optical communication systemDownloads
References
N. C. Eli-Chukwu, J. M. Aloh, and C. O. Ezeagwu, "A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Cellular Networks," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 4504–4510, Aug. 2019.
A. N. Uwaechia and N. M. Mahyuddin, "A Comprehensive Survey on Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks: Feasibility and Challenges," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 62367–62414, Jan. 2020.
F. Kareem et al., "A Survey of Optical Fiber Communications: Challenges and Processing Time Influences," Asian Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 48–58, Apr. 2021.
A. Munadel and E. kadhum Hamza, "Simulation and Analysis of the OFDM Transceiver Based Commutation System," Journal of Engineering, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 131–140, Dec. 2020, https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.12.08.
A. E. Ibhaze, F. O. Edeko, and P. E. Orukpe, "A Signal Amplification-based Transceiver for Visible Light Communication," Journal of Engineering, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 123–132, Nov. 2020.
D. E. Mohsen, A. M. Hammadi, and A. J. Alaskary, "Design and Implementation of 1.28 Tbps DWDM based RoF system with External Modulation and Dispersion Compensation Fiber," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1963, Jul. 2021, Art. no. 012026.
H. A. W. Jabori and O. A. L. A. Ridha, "Simple 2D chaotic remapping scheme for securing optical communication networks," Journal of Engineering, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 85–95, Nov. 2019.
H. A. Mohammed and H. J. Kbashi, "Transmission of a multiplexed eight channels subcarrier optically intensity modulated based on microcontroller," Journal of Engineering, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 3633–3640, Jun. 2009.
M. M. A. Eid, S. El-Meadawy, A. E.-N. A. Mohammed, and A. N. Z. Rashed, "Wavelength division multiplexing developed with optimum length-based EDFA in the presence of dispersion-compensated fiber system," Journal of Optical Communications, vol. 45, no. s1, pp. s293–s303, Jun. 2024.
S. Ilic, B. Jaksic, M. Petrovic, A. Markovic, and V. Elcic, "Analysis of Video Signal Transmission Through DWDM Network Based on a Quality Check Algorithm," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 416–423, Apr. 2013.
B. J. Puttnam, G. Rademacher, and R. S. Luís, "Space-division multiplexing for optical fiber communications," Optica, vol. 8, Sep. 2021, Art. no. 1186.
M. Seifouri, M. M. Karkhanehchi, and S. Rohani, "Design of Multi-Layer Optical Fibers with Ring Refractive Index to Reduce Dispersion and Increase Bandwidth in Broadband Optical Networks," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 216–220, Jun. 2012.
A. S. Elgamal, O. Z. Aletri, B. A. Yosuf, A. Adnan Qidan, T. El-Gorashi, and J. M. H. Elmirghani, "AI-Driven Resource Allocation in Optical Wireless Communication Systems," in 23rd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, Bucharest, Romania, Jul. 2023, pp. 1–5.
D. Jain and B. Iyer, "Design and analysis of high‐speed four‐channel WDM Radio over Fiber system for Millimeter-wave applications," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 746–758, Jul. 2023.
G. Pandey, A. Choudhary, and A. Dixit, "Wavelength Division Multiplexed Radio Over Fiber Links for 5G Fronthaul Networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 2789–2803, Sep. 2021.
L. M. Younis and E. Essa, "Multi-Channel of High Speed Optical Network Based RoF/WDM Architecture," Journal of Advanced Sciences and Nanotechnology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 188–203, Apr. 2023.
H. Al-Yasiri, I. Al-Hussaini, and S. Al-Ani, "Design and Analysis of Enhanced Performance Simulator for GSM Network," Journal of Engineering, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 339–360, Jun. 2005.
H. Yang et al., "10-W power light co-transmission with optically carried 5G NR signal over standard single-mode fiber," Optics Letters, vol. 46, no. 20, pp. 5116–5119, Oct. 2021.
T. P. Okoumassoun, A. Antwiwaa, and N. K. Gerrar, "Performance Evaluation of Optical Amplifiers in a Hybrid RoF-WDM Communication System," Journal of Communications, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 522–536, Aug. 2023.
D. S. Jain and B. Iyer, "Design and Analysis of Single-Channel High-Speed RoF System Using Different Coding Techniques," in 6th International Conference on Communication and Information Processing, Tokyo, Japan, Nov. 2020, pp. 1–9.
D. Garg and A. Nain, "An efficient 110 × 8 GHz WDM RoF system design for 5G and advance wireless networks," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, May 2022, Art. no. 342.
D. Jain and B. Iyer, "Design and Analysis of 8-Channel WDM-RoF Using the C and L Band for 5G and Beyond Applications," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 41–52, Jan. 2023.
A. Sharma, S. Chaudhary, D. Thakur, and V. Dhasratan, "A Cost-Effective High-Speed Radio over Fibre System for Millimeter Wave Applications," Journal of Optical Communications, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 177–180, Apr. 2020.
M. Ahmed and M. Yamada, "Effect of intensity noise of semiconductor lasers on the digital modulation characteristics and the bit error rate of optical communication systems," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 104, no. 1, Jul. 2008, Art. no. 013104.
T. Ivaniga and P. Ivaniga, "Evaluation of the bit error rate and Q-factor in optical networks," IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1–4, 2014.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Safa Mohammed, Ismael Desher
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
