Hydrodynamic Modeling of Oil Spill Distributions in Cilacap Waters, Central Java

Fahreza Okta Setyawan; Siti Al Khumairoh Annadziroh Nurshokh; Andik Isdianto; Desy Setyoningrum; Adi Tiya Yanuar; Rudianto

doi:10.48084/etasr.16125

Authors

Fahreza Okta Setyawan Marine Science Department, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Siti Al Khumairoh Annadziroh Nurshokh Marine Science Department, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Andik Isdianto Marine Science Department, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Desy Setyoningrum Marine Science Department, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Adi Tiya Yanuar Marine Science Department, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Rudianto Marine Science Department, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Volume: 16 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 36177-36182 | June 2026 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.16125

Received: 9 November 2025 | Revised: 20 December 2025, 17 January 2026, 20 January 2026, and 28 January 2026 | Accepted: 31 January 2026 | Online: 6 June 2026

Corresponding author: Fahreza Okta Setyawan

Abstract

Oil spills at sea directly harm marine ecosystems and coastal communities. Rapid containment is essential to prevent uncontrolled spread. This study models the flow and distribution of oil spills using MIKE 21 Hydrodynamic (HD) and Flow Model Oil Spill (FM-OS) modules to support efficient contingency planning. In Cilacap Waters, simulated seasonal current patterns trend to the northwest during the East and Transition-2 seasons, and southeast during Transition-1 and West seasons; mean current speeds range from 0.08 to 0.13 m·s⁻¹ (weak currents). The oil distribution pattern dominantly spreads southeast toward the Indian Ocean, then eastward, and subsequently northward towards Turtle Bay. After 12 h and 24 h, the largest spill area occurs in the West season (2.71×10⁶ m² and 5.58×10⁶ m², respectively). After one week, the largest area is observed in the East season (4.35×10⁷ m²). The results inform prioritization of monitoring and boom placement in vulnerable zones.

Keywords:

marine pollution, MIKE 21, Hydrodynamics, currents, Oil Spill

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