Adaptive PI Control of the Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor Storage in Standalone PV Power System

Ayman Alhejji

doi:10.48084/etasr.17945

Authors

Ayman Alhejji Department of Electrical Engineering, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu Industrial City, Saudi Arabia

Volume: 16 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 35427-35439 | June 2026 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.17945

Received: 3 February 2026 | Revised: 5 March 2026 | Accepted: 23 March 2026 | Online: 6 June 2026

Corresponding author: Ayman Alhejji

Abstract

This study explores how to improve the safety, reliability, and performance of off-grid Photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated with hybrid batteries and Supercapacitors (SCs) by using Adaptive Proportional-Integral (API) controllers. Adaptive hybrid power management is used to ensure the safety and continuity of the electricity supplied to the DC load and reduce voltage fluctuations owing to abnormal operation. The main contribution of this framework is the online API controller used in hybrid power management, which aims to protect the DC-link against damage and achieve faster performance and improved voltage stability of the power output of the generating system. The system architecture was simulated in MATLAB and included an off-grid PV system integrated with batteries and SCs to maintain a stable DC load. The results of the simulation show that the DC-link voltage instability is improved by the API controller compared to the fixed PI controller, which is fine-tuned by various optimization techniques in the case of sudden environmental and load changes.

Keywords:

PI, DC-DC boost converter, DC-DC bidirectional converter, hybrid battery-supercapacitor, energy management

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