Design of a Compact Millimeter Wave Antenna for 5G Applications based on Meta Surface Luneburg Lens
Received: 20 October 2024 | Revised: 1 December 2024 | Accepted: 12 December 2024 | Online: 24 January 2025
Corresponding author: Dasari Nataraj
Abstract
As the demand for fast and reliable wireless connectivity increases, the 5G technology has emerged as a promising solution. This study focuses on enhancing the gain and return loss performance of 5G wireless communication systems, with a particular emphasis on the Meta Surface Luneburg technique. In this work, a compact millimeter-wave antenna operating at a frequency of 28GHz dedicated to 5G applications is proposed and designed. The introduced design utilizes a metasurface Luneburg technique in order to obtain reduced size, high gain, and less return loss. The proposed antenna is implemented on a 40 × 40 × 0.5 mm3 RT Duroid 5880 Lossy substrate with a relative dielectric constant of εr = 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0068. Two-unit cells are strategically arranged in an array on the substrate to form a Luneburg meta-lens, which transforms spherical wavefronts into planar wavefronts. This configuration enables the antenna to achieve a directed beam at 28 GHz. The antenna is simulated, and key parameters, such as gain and return loss are analyzed. The results show that the antenna achieves a gain of 7.9 dBi and a return loss of less than -10 dB, demonstrating its suitability for 5G applications.
Keywords:
rectangular patch antenna, Luneburg lens technique, quarter-wave transformer, unit cells, frequency-selective surfaceDownloads
References
H. A. Diawuo and Y.-B. Jung, "Broadband Proximity-Coupled Microstrip Planar Antenna Array for 5G Cellular Applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1286–1290, Jul. 2018.
J. Zeng and K.-M. Luk, "Single-Layered Broadband Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for New 5G Application," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 911–915, Feb. 2019.
V. P. Sarin, M. S. Nishamol, D. Tony, C. K. Aanandan, P. Mohanan, and K. Vasudevan, "A Broadband L -Strip Fed Printed Microstrip Antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 281–284, Jan. 2011.
H. Wang, S.-F. Liu, L. Chen, W.-T. Li, and X.-W. Shi, "Gain Enhancement for Broadband Vertical Planar Printed Antenna With H-Shaped Resonator Structures," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 4411–4415, Dec. 2014.
A. Rivera-Albino and C. A. Balanis, "Gain Enhancement in Microstrip Patch Antennas Using Hybrid Substrates," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 12, pp. 476–479, 2013.
A. Dadgarpour, A. A. Kishk, and T. A. Denidni, "Gain Enhancement of Planar Antenna Enabled by Array of Split-Ring Resonators," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 3682–3687, Dec. 2016.
J. H. Kim, C.-H. Ahn, and J.-K. Bang, "Antenna Gain Enhancement Using a Holey Superstrate," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 1164–1167, Mar. 2016.
H. Boutayeb and T. A. Denidni, "Gain Enhancement of a Microstrip Patch Antenna Using a Cylindrical Electromagnetic Crystal Substrate," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 3140–3145, Aug. 2007.
A. Swetha and K. Rama Naidu, "Gain enhancement of an UWB antenna based on a FSS reflector for broad band applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 99, pp. 193–208, 2020.
S. Maity, T. Tewary, S. Mukherjee, A. Roy, P. P. Sarkar, and S. Bhunia, "Wideband hybrid microstrip patch antenna and gain improvement using frequency selective surface," International Journal of Communication Systems, vol. 35, no. 14, 2022, Art. no. e5268.
D. D. Nguyen and C. Seo, "A wideband high gain trapezoidal monopole antenna backed by frequency selective surface," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 2392–2399, 2021.
S. Rajasri and R. B. Rani, "CPW-fed octagonal-shaped metamaterial-inspired multiband antenna on frequency selective surface for gain enhancement," Applied Physics A, vol. 128, no. 7, Jun. 2022, Art. no. 594.
Y. Chen, L. Chen, J.-F. Yu, and X.-W. Shi, "A C-Band Flat Lens Antenna With Double-Ring Slot Elements," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 12, pp. 341–344, 2013.
A. Dhouibi, S. N. Burokur, A. de Lustrac, and A. Priou, "Compact Metamaterial-Based Substrate-Integrated Luneburg Lens Antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 11, pp. 1504–1507, 2012.
A. R. Weily and N. Nikolic, "Dual-Polarized Planar Feed for Low-Profile Hemispherical Luneburg Lens Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 402–407, Jan. 2012.
Z. L. Mei, J. Bai, T. M. Niu, and T. J. Cui, "A Half Maxwell Fish-Eye Lens Antenna Based on Gradient-Index Metamaterials," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 398–401, Jan. 2012.
Z. Tao, D. Bao, H. X. Xu, H. F. Ma, W. X. Jiang, and T. J. Cui, "A Millimeter-Wave System of Antenna Array and Metamaterial Lens," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 15, pp. 370–373, 2016.
A. K. Singh, M. P. Abegaonkar, and S. K. Koul, "Wide Angle Beam Steerable High Gain Flat Top Beam Antenna Using Graded Index Metasurface Lens," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 6334–6343, Jul. 2019.
Y.-X. Zhang, Y.-C. Jiao, and S.-B. Liu, "3-D-Printed Comb Mushroom-Like Dielectric Lens for Stable Gain Enhancement of Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 2099–2103, Aug. 2018.
Q. L. Li, S. W. Cheung, D. Wu, and T. I. Yuk, "Microwave Lens Using Periodic Dielectric Sheets for Antenna-Gain Enhancement," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 2068–2073, Apr. 2017.
D.-N. Dang and C. Seo, "High Gain Antenna Miniaturization With Parasitic Lens," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 127181–127189, 2020.
H.-X. Xu, G.-M. Wang, Z. Tao, and T. Cai, "An Octave-Bandwidth Half Maxwell Fish-Eye Lens Antenna Using Three-Dimensional Gradient-Index Fractal Metamaterials," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 4823–4828, Sep. 2014.
L. Hua et al., "Bidirectional radiation high-gain antenna based on phase gradient metasurface," Applied Physics B, vol. 127, no. 9, Aug. 2021, Art. no. 136.
P. Das and A. K. Singh, "Gain Enhancement of Millimeter Wave Antenna by Ultra-thin Radial Phase Gradient Metasurface for 5G Applications," IETE Journal of Research, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 2400–2408, Mar. 2024.
S. Budumuru, G. Allu, D. Jenjeti, V. S. A. Tanakala, and S. R. Sankranti, "Design of a Funnel-Shaped MIMO Antenna for RADAR Applications," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 16808–16812, Oct. 2024.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Dasari Nataraj, Karedla Chitambara Rao, K. S. Chakradhar, G. Vinutna Ujwala, M. Lakshmunaidu, Harihara Santosh Dadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
