A Comparative Study between Single-loop and Dual-loop Tracking Control Schemes for MPPT of Solar Tracking System
Received: 2 November 2024 | Revised: 27 December 2024 | Accepted: 7 January 2025 | Online: 1 February 2025
Corresponding author: Marwa Fadhel Jassim
Abstract
Solar energy is one of the principal renewable energy sources for electric power generation. However, maximizing the power extraction from solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) systems remains a challenge due to their inherent low conversion efficiency. To address this issue, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is necessary to optimize power extraction in a PV system. This paper aims to conduct a comparative study between two distinct MPPT control schemes. The first is a simple single-loop system employing the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm. The second is an advanced dual-loop system integrating the P&O algorithm with a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. The comparison evaluates the systems' performance in terms of steady-state accuracy. For this purpose, a MATLAB/Simulink model of a stand-alone PV panel was developed. The proposed MPPT schemes were then implemented on this PV system under varying environmental conditions to assess their ability to track the MPPT. The simulation results indicate that the dual-loop control scheme outperforms the single-loop scheme in terms of steady-state performance, particularly during abrupt environmental changes.
Keywords:
perturb and observe, MPPT, PV panels, PI controllerDownloads
References
D. Murillo-Yarce et al., "A Review of Control Techniques in Photovoltaic Systems," Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 24, Jan. 2020, Art. no. 10598.
M. Kumar, "Control techniques for operation of roof-top solar photovoltaics based microgrid in islanded mode," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 155, Jan. 2024, Art. no. 109511.
H. A. Mohamed, H. A. Khattab, A. Mobarka, and G. A. Morsy, "Design, control and performance analysis of DC-DC boost converter for stand-alone PV system," in Proceedings of Eighteenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference, Cairo, Egypt, Sep. 2016, pp. 101–106.
P. W. Chan and S. Masri, "DC-DC Boost Converter with Constant Output Voltage for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Application System," in Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 2010, pp. 67–99, Accessed: Jan. 25, 2025.
M. Y. Allani, D. Mezghani, F. Tadeo, and A. Mami, "FPGA Implementation of a Robust MPPT of a Photovoltaic System Using a Fuzzy Logic Controller Based on Incremental and Conductance Algorithm," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 4322–4328, Aug. 2019.
C. G. Villegas-Mier, J. Rodriguez-Resendiz, J. M. Álvarez-Alvarado, H. Rodriguez-Resendiz, A. M. Herrera-Navarro, and O. Rodríguez-Abreo, "Artificial Neural Networks in MPPT Algorithms for Optimization of Photovoltaic Power Systems: A Review," Micromachines, vol. 12, no. 10, Oct. 2021, Art. no. 1260.
P. A. O. Valencia and C. A. Ramos-Paja, "Sliding-Mode Controller for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 12363–12387, Nov. 2015.
F. A. Mohammed, M. E. Bahgat, S. S. Elmasry, and S. M. Sharaf, "Design of a maximum power point tracking-based PID controller for DC converter of stand-alone PV system," Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, vol. 9, no. 1, May 2022, Art. no. 9.
R. M. Asif et al., "Design and analysis of robust fuzzy logic maximum power point tracking based isolated photovoltaic energy system," Engineering Reports, vol. 2, no. 9, 2020, Art. no. e12234.
N. Boubekri, D. Saifia, S. Doudou, and M. Chadli, "Robust H∞ fuzzy saturated control of photovoltaic system," in Procedia Computer Science, Jan. 2021, vol. 186, pp. 95–108.
M. A. Qureshi, F. Torelli, S. Musumeci, A. Reatti, A. Mazza, and G. Chicco, "A Novel Adaptive Control Approach for Maximum Power-Point Tracking in Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, vol. 16, no. 6, Mar. 2023, Art. no. 2782.
K. Ali et al., "Robust Integral Backstepping Based Nonlinear MPPT Control for a PV System," Energies, vol. 12, no. 16, Aug. 2019, Art. no. 3180.
M. Tadj et al., "Enhanced MPPT-Based Fractional-Order PID for PV Systems Using Aquila Optimizer," Mathematical and Computational Applications, vol. 28, no. 5, Oct. 2023, Art. no. 99.
H. M. A. Alhussain and N. Yasin, "Modeling and simulation of solar PV module for comparison of two MPPT algorithms (P&O & INC) in MATLAB/Simulink," Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 666–677, May 2020.
Y. Chaibi, M. Salhi, and A. El-jouni, "Sliding Mode Controllers for Standalone PV Systems: Modeling and Approach of Control," International Journal of Photoenergy, vol. 2019, no. 1, Mar. 2019, Art. no. 5092078.
M. Q. Ali, M. S. Tapou, and H. A. Dhahad, "Fully Automated Measurement Setup for Photovoltaic Panel Performance Evaluation and Testing under LabVIEW Platform," Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 132–150, Jan. 2021.
MSX-60 and MSX-64 Photovoltaic Modules. MD, USA: Solarex, 1997.
M. Popuri et al., "Improved Interleaved Boost Converter with Soft-Switching: Analysis and Experimental Validation," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 12381–12389, Dec. 2023.
M. Abbassi, A. Aouiti, and F. Bacha, "Sensorless Maximum Power Point Control for Single-stage Grid Connected PV Systems," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 13232–13237, Apr. 2024.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Hussein Mutlag, Alaq F. Hasan, Marwa Fadhel Jassim, Amjad J. Humaidi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
