Alshdaifat, Esra’a, Enshirah Altarawneh, Mogeeb Alrahman Aloshaibat, Anas Hussein, Mohammed Dawood, and Tawfiq Tahaineh. “From Machine Learning to Heterogeneous Models: A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Grained Emotion Detection in Arabic Text”. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 16, no. 2 (April 4, 2026): 34396–34402. Accessed April 17, 2026. https://mail.etasr.com/index.php/ETASR/article/view/17705.