Towards the Development of Gaussian Clustering Algorithm Technology to Extend the Lifetime of MANETs
Received: 21 October 2024 | Revised: 23 November 2024 and 15 December 2024 | Accepted: 18 December 2024 | Online: 3 April 2025
Corresponding author: Hamid Ali Abed Al-Asadi
Abstract
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are infrastructure-independent wireless networks where nodes communicate directly or through relays without a central base station. Routing protocols employed in MANETs face numerous challenges due to their limited resources. Cross-layer optimization is fundamental to conserving energy and achieving quality of service parameters. However, reducing end-to-end diversity conflicts with power consumption, creating a problem when trying to improve network lifetime. In this work, a Lifetime Enhancement Routing (LER) protocol, which selects the most efficient path to the destination using residual energy and cost exchange metrics, is proposed. LER primarily reduces node overutilization and load to prolong the network lifetime. The proposed MANET performance optimization technique is Gaussian clustering algorithm with one of the deep learning (RNN) techniques as a combined technique. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol significantly reduced energy consumption and augmented the ability to send data through the best path available in the network with a high efficiency of up to 92%.
Keywords:
wireless networks, Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), Quality of Service (QoS), efficient routing, smart vehicles, Artificial Intelligence (AI)Downloads
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Noori Gatea, Haider Sh. Hashim, Hamid Ali Abed Al-Asadi, Didem Kivanc Tureli, Zaid Ameen Abduljabbar, Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi
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