Optimizing Asphalt Mixture Performance with Modified Buton Asphalt and Recycled PET using the Response Surface Methodology
Received: 10 January 2025 | Revised: 30 January 2025 and 1 February 2025 | Accepted: 5 February 2025 | Online: 3 April 2025
Corresponding author: Miswar Tumpu
Abstract
In order to enhance asphalt-concrete mixtures, additives are used to improve durability and resilience to repeated road loads. The present study uses plastic waste as an additive and aims to find the optimal parameters for blending asphalt with additives made from Plastic Bottle Waste (PET) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The RSM approach, guided by the Design-Expert 8.0.6 software (Stat-Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), involved the design and analysis of a series of 17 experiments, employing a three-factorial Box-Behnken Design. The experimental design incorporated three primary independent variables, with the first (X1) being the ratio of PET to Modified Buton Asphalt (MBA), and the dependent variable (Y) corresponded to the Marshall characteristic, which serves as a measure of the reaction output. The results indicate that the incorporation of PET-based additives significantly enhances the stability, flow, and void characteristics of the asphalt mixture. The optimal mixture was achieved at an X1 of 2.0%:6.25%, which resulted in an improvement of Marshall stability by 47.89% compared to conventional asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, the addition of PET improved asphalt resistance to deformation and fatigue cracking. Consequently, it is recommended that further investigation be conducted into the potential of PET-based additives for large-scale applications in road construction, with a focus on long-term performance and environmental impacts.
Keywords:
Response Surface Methodology (RSM), plastic waste, Marshall characteristicsDownloads
References
S.-Y. Lee and T. H. M. Le, "Feasibility of Sustainable Asphalt Concrete Materials Utilizing Waste Plastic Aggregate, Epoxy Resin, and Magnesium-Based Additive," Polymers, vol. 15, no. 15, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 3293.
A. Salim, M. Tumpu, A. Y. Yunus, A. R. Yusuf, and S. Gusty, "Accelerating Plastic Pollution Mitigation through Sustainable Urban Infrastructure Development," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 17665–17671, Dec. 2024.
F. Rachim, M. Tumpu, and M. Mansyur, "Research on Predicting Skilled Labor Availability to Enhance Sustainability Building Practices," International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 4183–4192, 2024.
N. Nurhasmiati, M. F. Samawi, P. Taba, F. Fahruddin, and M. Tumpu, "Distribution and Concentration of Pb, Cd, and Hg Metals Due to Land Use Influence on Sediment in Malili River, East Luwu Regency," Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1795–1807, 2023.
S. Starodubsky, I. Blechman, and M. Livneh, "Stress-strain relationship for asphalt concrete in compression," Materials and Structures, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 474–482, Oct. 1994.
R. Kleiziene, A. Vaitkus, and D. Cygas, "Influence of Asphalt Visco-Elastic Properties on Flexible Pavement Performance," The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, vol. 11, no. 4, Dec. 2016.
M. Elwardany, J. Habbouche, A. Andriescu, D. J. Mensching, E. Y. Hajj, and M. Piratheepan, "Comprehensive performance evaluation of high polymer-modified asphalt binders beyond linear viscoelastic rheological surrogates," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 351, Oct. 2022, Art. no. 128902.
B. Aytekin and A. Mardani-Aghabaglou, "Sustainable Materials: A Review of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Utilization as Pavement Material," Transportation Research Record, vol. 2676, no. 3, pp. 468–491, Mar. 2022.
E. Ahmadinia, M. Zargar, M. R. Karim, M. Abdelaziz, and P. Shafigh, "Using waste plastic bottles as additive for stone mastic asphalt," Materials & Design, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 4844–4849, Dec. 2011.
S. Rokade and M. Azad, "Use of Waste Plastic and Waste Rubber Tyres in Flexible Highway Pavements," in International Conference on Future Environment and Energy (IPCBEE), Singapore, 2012.
T. B. Moghaddam, M. R. Karim, and M. Soltani, "Utilization of waste plastic bottles in asphalt mixture," Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 264–271, 2013.
T. Baghaee Moghaddam, M. R. Karim, and T. Syammaun, "Dynamic properties of stone mastic asphalt mixtures containing waste plastic bottles," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 34, pp. 236–242, Sep. 2012.
S. Tayfur, H. Ozen, and A. Aksoy, "Investigation of rutting performance of asphalt mixtures containing polymer modifiers," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 328–337, Feb. 2007.
B. Birgisson, A. Montepara, E. Romeo, R. Roncella, J. A. L. Napier, and G. Tebaldi, "Determination and prediction of crack patterns in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 664–673, Feb. 2008.
E. Ahmadinia, M. Zargar, M. R. Karim, M. Abdelaziz, and E. Ahmadinia, "Performance evaluation of utilization of waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) in stone mastic asphalt," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 36, pp. 984–989, Nov. 2012.
S. Angelone, M. Cauhapé Casaux, M. Borghi, and F. O. Martinez, "Green pavements: reuse of plastic waste in asphalt mixtures," Materials and Structures, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1655–1665, May 2016.
S. Baradaran and M. R. M. Aliha, "Mode I and Mode II fracture assessment of green asphalt pavements containing plastic waste and RAP at low and intermediate temperature," Results in Engineering, vol. 25, Mar. 2025, Art. no. 103734.
S. Baradaran, J. Rahimi, M. Ameri, and A. Maleki, "Mechanical performance of asphalt mixture containing eco-friendly additive by recycling PET," Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 20, Jul. 2024, Art. no. e02740.
S. Baradaran, M. R. M. Aliha, A. Maleki, and B. S. Underwood, "Fracture properties of asphalt mixtures containing high content of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and eco-friendly PET additive at low temperature," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 449, Oct. 2024, Art. no. 138426.
"Polyethylene," Wikipedia. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polyethylene&oldid=1276222651.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Franky Edwin Paskalis Lapian, Miswar Tumpu, Irianto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
